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Solution for River Water Level and Flow Monitoring System

I. Overview

China is one of the countries with the largest number of rivers in the world, boasting numerous long-standing and far-reaching major rivers. Among them, there are 2,221 rivers with a drainage area exceeding 1,000 square kilometers. There are 2,865 natural lakes with a permanent water surface area of 1 square kilometer or more, covering a total water surface area of 78,000 square kilometers. Specifically, these include 1,594 freshwater lakes, 945 saltwater lakes, 166 salt lakes, and 160 lakes of other types.

With the rapid economic and social development, new problems have emerged in the management and protection of rivers and lakes in China, such as river drying-up, lake shrinkage, worsening water environment, and degradation of river and lake functions. These issues pose severe challenges to ensuring water security. To address these problems, it is imperative to vigorously implement the river chief system, promote the systematic protection of rivers and lakes and the overall improvement of the aquatic ecological environment, ensure the permanent utilization of river and lake functions, and maintain the healthy life of rivers and lakes.

At present, the river hydrological monitoring system is confronted with new opportunities and challenges. It is necessary to keep pace with the times, adopt new technologies to establish a modern hydrological monitoring system, transform the traditional hydrological operation mode, and accelerate the construction of hydrological modernization. By fully leveraging modern technological means, we should vigorously promote the automated and intelligent development of river hydrology.

The automatic river water level monitoring stations adopt modern real-time monitoring systems for water level, alarm, and safety control. Through the IoT software platform, these stations can achieve remote control, automated data management, early warning and forecasting, and visualized management. This facilitates the overall allocation of water resources to achieve rational utilization, truly establish a quantity - and price - based water resource management system, ensure the effective utilization and scientific and reasonable distribution of water resources, and realize the sustainable development of water resources.

II. System Composition The river water level and flow monitoring system is mainly composed of the perception and collection layer, network transmission layer, and system application layer. Through the effective integration of wireless technology, perception layer technology, and new applications, it can be used for the transmission of various types of data, fully meeting the interconnection of things between river monitoring stations. The application layer, network layer, and collection layer work together to achieve scientific, timely, and accurate water level monitoring. It provides basic and effective data for relevant departments and improves the management level.

Perception and Collection Layer It collects all water level monitoring data of the river channel and uses all-round perception technology to conduct real-time collection of river channel information. The real-time collected information provides a basis for analysis and decision-making in river channel management. ◆ Transmission Layer It mainly includes the local area networks (LANs) where users of systems at all levels are located, and the wide area networks (WANs) that interconnect the LANs at various levels. It covers the networks provided by operators and the wireless LoRa transmission used for data collection. It serves as a platform for transmitting various business information and a carrier for system data, providing a reliable and secure transmission channel for collecting various types of information. ◆ Application Layer It is the core of the system to realize "platform intelligence, flat management, and service pre-positioning". By conducting comprehensive management and analysis of water resource monitoring data and providing standard service interfaces, this layer offers function and service sharing for the rapid construction of business application systems.

III. System Functions Real-Time Data Monitoring: It enables map display and viewing of online monitoring, including quick query and display of monitoring devices, presentation of monitoring data, display of alarm status, and real-time display of monitoring data curves. Through the display function on the system's main interface, users can check the location and operating status of devices, and keep track of how the devices monitor river channel status information via various sensors.

Remote Supervision Platform It enables data aggregation, display, and analysis, as well as statistics and analysis of various values. It supports functions such as setting early warning thresholds for automatic alarms and real-time data updates, with a data update rate of 5-minute intervals. This rate is user-adjustable; for example, when an excessive water level is detected, the system can automatically increase the frequency of data collection and transmission while sending alerts to administrators. It requires a permission setting function: there must be strict permission differentiation between data viewing and platform management, and the top administrator can customize permissions. ■ GIS Map Display It can provide Baidu or Google 2D/3D satellite images as the background, and support real-time monitoring of water level and environmental information at monitoring points and historical information query. This ensures the water level information is accurate and detailed. It also issues over-limit and over-standard early warnings to remind managers to handle issues promptly. Meanwhile, the platform supports multiple access methods such as mobile phones and PCs.

Unified Equipment Management

Unify communication protocols and provide interfaces for future use. It enables external transmission of data that needs to be publicly released.

■ Remote Control Function

It conducts 24-hour water level supervision, and can automatically issue early warnings and alarms according to the presets set by customers.

■ Data Communication

Data communication between various functional departments is completed within the local area network (LAN).
Wireless network communication such as 2G\3G\4G\5G\NB-IoT is adopted between each monitoring station and the dispatch center of the management department.

IV. Solution Value The river water level and flow monitoring system enables real-time monitoring of rivers and river water level data, and it is one of the important measures to ensure river flood control work. The real-time river information monitoring system realizes real-time monitoring of river water level based on wireless transmission technology and intelligent analysis technology. Through real-time monitoring of rivers, changes in rivers can be grasped in a timely manner, thereby enabling the analysis of river water level data and the timely adoption of measures to reduce the threats posed by flood disasters to people's lives and property safety as well as economic and social development. At the same time, big data and meteorological data can be used to predict the water level of the river water level monitoring system, and relevant arrangements can be made in advance. It plays an important role in improving the water environment and promoting the effective use of water resources, serves as a key measure to alleviate water resource scarcity, and enhances the scientific and information-based level of environmental management.

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